Essay on HUMAN BEINGS AND NATURE DURING THE REVOLUTION OF...

HUMAN BEINGS AND NATURE DURING THE REVOLUTION OF THE MIND Enlightenment is mans release from his self-incurred tutelage. Tutelage is mans inability to make use of his understanding without direction from another. Self-incurred is this tutelage when its cause lies not in lack of reason but in lack of resolution and courage to use it without direction from another. Dare to Know! Have courage to use your own reason!- that is the motto of enlightenment. -Immanuel Kant, 1784 (1) From the sixteenth through the eighteenth centuries, a drastically new way of thinking developed in Western Civilization, a way of thinking that has shaped and defined the modern world. This new mode of thought evolved within two movements, the Scientific†¦show more content†¦(2) This theory deviated from the popular, Aristotelian belief that the earth, due to its heaviness, comprised the center of the known universe, surrounded by the other heavenly bodies, which moved within crystalline spheres. Beyond these the kingdom of God supposedly existed. The Church supported the Aristotelian view because it placed Gods supreme creation, humanity, at the heart of His created world. The Aristotelian theory was given further support by Psalm 104: Thou didst set the earth on its foundation, so that it should never be shaken. Yet Copernicus found the mathematics supporting the popular view of the universe unsatisfactory, and so he formulated the Heliocentric Theory, freeing the scienti sts who would follow in his footsteps from a rigid view of the universe. (3) In 1615, the inventor of the telescope, Galileo Galilei, wrote a letter to the Grand Duchess of Tuscany ardently defending the Heliocentric Theory, which was being attacked as heretical by various members of the scientific and religious communities. Galilei affronted the authority of the Church by proclaiming the Bible to be a symbolic, not a literal, read that was being twisted and misrepresented by opponents of the Copernican view. (4) He stood by Copernicus until the age of seventy, when two appearances before the Catholic Inquisition forced him to change his stance on the matter. (5) Shortly after Galileis letter, in 1620, theShow MoreRelatedThe Enlightenment Paradigm Shift Within The Era1628 Words   |  7 Pages The Renaissance era set the ball rolling for the Enlightenment with the beginning of scientific inquiry and search for knowledge. This modern age of reason, diversity and doubt, was one of the biggest paradigm shifts for both the Church and the human race. There was critical analysis of the Bible and further discussions of both scientific and philosophical theories. The ages after the Enlightenment were certainly affected, so much so that, to a significant extent, the paradigm shift within theRead MoreEvolution vs. Creation Science1650 Words   |  7 Pagescenturies; the majority of individuals cannot fathom the concept of discovering how mankind came to be through scientific nature. By denying this truth, the world will not be able to develop. Evolution is verifiable in comparison to creation science because of the theories, evidence, and the incre asing acceptance in today’s society. In order to discuss the irrefutable nature of evolution, one must be able to fully grasp the history of this groundbreaking knowledge. Evolution is often describedRead MoreThe Workshop of the World: The Industrial Revolution Essay1449 Words   |  6 PagesThe Industrial Revolution that occurred between the eighteenth and nineteenth century has been characterized as a transformation of a society no longer rooted in agricultural production. 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In addition, the human activities such as the burning fossil fuels, and the cutting down of trees [forests] so as to create land to cultivate and rareRead MoreQuantum Mechanics and Islam Essay1602 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction Quantum mechanics or also known as quantum physics is a field of science which studies the behaviour of particles at sub-atomic level. This theory tells us that short-lived pairs of particles and their antiparticles are constantly being created and destroyed in an apparently empty space. In quantum mechanics the weird behaviour of electrons are not accurately explained and until now not a single theory is acceptable by the whole scientific community to postulate the phenomena. TheRead MoreThe Nature of Nature15064 Words   |  61 PagesTranscript of the audio tape Intro uction To the a ure 0 a ure By Afroo Oonoo , , , TRANSCRIPT ONE OF THE AUDIO TAPE: INTRODUCTION TO THE NATURE OF NATURE THIS TRANSCRIPT IS DEDICATED TO: ALL PEOPLES IN GENERAL AND THE ETHIOPIAN RACE IN PARTICULAR COPYRIGHT  © 1996 BY AFROO OONOO THE PUBLISHERS OF THIS TRANSCRIPT IN INDIVIDUALITY ARE: THE STARS REPRESENTATIVE ALSO CALLED REPOO THE SUN THE PLANETS REPRESENTATIVE ALSO CALLED GEPOO THE EARTH THE SATELLITES REPRESENTATIVE ALSO CALLED SIPOORead MoreLeadership Qualities Of Ronald Reagan1629 Words   |  7 Pages Leadership Of Ronald Reagan When looking for an individual with very clear management styles as well as leadership skills that made a significant impact on both the United States and internationally, the first person that came to mind was Ronald Reagan. Not everyone can be both a manager with the ability to direct successfully and a leader with extraordinary proficiencies, but Reagan had the gift. It is not so hard to find a manager with leadership qualities or to find leaders with effective managerialRead MoreEconomic Factors And The High Level Of National Productivity1896 Words   |  8 Pagesit is changing the way of doing work. We are in the rapid change of technology-fueled in the labor market. The rapid growth on the device connectivity, platform economies, e-commerce, social media, and overall internet penetration will change the nature of work. People is getting the simple and convenient job due to the help of rapid change in employment. Question: 1(answer) In every economy there are four principle macroeconomic objectives; full employment, economic growth, price stability andRead MoreEuropean Imperialism after 18503310 Words   |  13 Pagesvariations include military dominance for territorial superiority and power in a regional sense to empires that sought riches through the resources and labor of others usually every example has elements of both. The period of Imperialism that dominates the minds of many is that which occurred via European sources first locally, in places like Ireland by Britain and even earlier the dominance of Charlemagne and other European entities over the Eastern Europeans whom they utilized for slave labor to exploitRead MoreConcept Analysis on Stress Among Nurses Essay5023 Words   |  21 PagesMGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA During the past 20 years, we have witnessed an explosion in nursing knowledge providing the discipline with diverse and multifaceted theoretical frameworks and paradigms. One knowledge theme that pervades the dialogue in the scholarly literature is that of multiple ways of knowing. With the acknowledgement that the fundamental nature of nursing knowledge is grounded in the understanding of human nature and its response to its environment, comes an imperative

China s Lack Of Effective Enforcement Of Labor Laws Essay

Printed on clothing tags or the back of most packaging are the commonly found words: â€Å"Made in China†. Large corporations such as Apple or Microsoft continue to outsource more of their production overseas to subcontractors in China. There have been various stories and rumors of Chinese workers being exploited by their wealthy factory owners and supervisors. Working conditions may appear to be improving in China, but most people are not able to view what is happening overseas. There are hazardous conditions as well as death and suicide in sweatshops that produce goods for these large corporations, particularly Apple, Microsoft, Dell, and Nike. These multinational corporations are motivated to obtain large profits by taking advantage of China’s lack of effective enforcement of labor laws. China’s history of sweatshops and factories has grown because of economic motives and government conditions. Multinational corporations such as Apple or Microsoft are â€Å"large corporations that sell goods and services throughout the world† (O’Sullivan 456). To maximize profits, these corporations have to find ways to cut corners and reduce input costs. All of this is done to provide the cheaper prices that American consumers enjoy. Asian subcontractors do not provide their workers with the benefits and wages that are found in the U.S. In China, wages are much lower, labor movements are repressed, and labor laws are not enforced effectively (â€Å"Working Conditions†). Many Chinese workers do not evenShow MoreRelatedGlobalization Is The Process Of International Integration Through Trade And Communication1151 Words   |  5 PagesGlobalization is influencing the world to become more productive and efficient, but the high demands must be balanced out with ethical practices. The opportunity to reach a better economic standing is commonly eschewed and the promise exploited. 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At January 31, 2007, its International segment

Project Management Project free essay sample

Question 1 South American Adventures Unlimited SA Adventures Unlimited was formed four years ago by Michael and Jill Rodriguez. Michael was a trained geologist, while Jill had a master’s degree in Spanish. They were both avid outdoor enthusiasts and fell in love while trekking across the Andes in Chile. Upon graduation they seized upon the idea of starting their own specialized tour business that would focus on organizing and leading â€Å"high-end† adventure trips in South America. Their first trip was a three-week excursion across Ecuador and Peru.The trip was a resounding success, and they became convinced that they could make a livelihood doing something they both enjoyed. After the first year, Adventures Unlimited began to slowly expand the size and scope of the business. The Rodriguezes’ strategy was a simple one. They recruited experienced, reliable people who shared their passion for South America and the outdoors. They helped these people organize specific trips and advertised the excursion over the Internet and in travel magazines. We will write a custom essay sample on Project Management Project or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Adventures Unlimited has grown from offering 4 trips a year to having 16 different excursions scheduled, including trips to Central America. They now had an administrative support staff of three people and a relatively stable group of five trip planners/guides whom they hired on a trip-by-trip contract basis. The company enjoyed a high level of repeat business and often used their customers’ suggestions to organize future trips. Although the Rodriguezes were pleased with the success of their venture, they were beginning to encounter problems that worried them about the future.A couple of the tours went over budget because of unanticipated costs, which eroded that year’s profit. In one case, they had to refund 30 percent of the tour fee because a group was stranded five days in Blanco Puente after missing a train connection. They were also having a hard time maintaining the high level of customer satisfaction to which they were accustomed. Customers were beginning to complain about the quality of the accommodations and the price of the tours. One group, unfortunately, was struck by a bad case of food poisoning.Finally, the Rodriguezes were having a hard time tracking costs across projects and typically did not know how well they did until after their taxes were prepared. This made it difficult to plan future excursions. The Rodriguezes shared these concerns around the family dinner table. Among the members in attendance was Michael’s younger brother, Mario, a student at a nearby university. After dinner, Mario approached Michael and Jill and suggested that they look into what business people called â€Å"project management. He had been briefly exposed to project management in his Business Operations class and felt that it might apply to their tour business. 1. To what extent does project management apply to Adventures Unlimited? Or, in other words, is this company managing projects? Explain your answer. Answer in a short paragraph (no more than 100 words) using font size 12. Question 2 Answer question #1 on page 147 in the exercises section. Question 3 Pg. 192 Optical Disk Preinstallation Project Draw the network diagram A – Complete the following table with information from the network diagram:

Pretty Little Liars free essay sample

The tone and theme affect the mood in The Legend of Sleepy Hollow by telling what the main idea of the story will be about. The tone is a mixture of funny, playful, and horror. The headless horseman is known by bad things but he is used to do funny things. The theme of the story is love and community. Mood, tone, and theme all have something in common because it puts together the book. The mood is boring, foreshadowing, suspenseful, and scary. The author described things scary and tried to help us to know what might happen. This book did not catch my attention because it did not have much action. Ichabod loved Katrina Van Tassel. †He had a soft spot and foolish heart toward the sex. † (pg. 18). He is expressing his deep love for her. His love for her is crazy, soft, and foolish. â€Å"When school hours were over, he was even the compan and playmate of the†¦. We will write a custom essay sample on Pretty Little Liars or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page . †(pg. 10) This quote shows the theme of community. It exhibits how Ichabod helped out in the community. â€Å"His bussy fancy already realized his hopes, and presented to him†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg. 22 . Brom and Ichabod both liked Katrina. Brom was trying to make Ichabod look crazy and weird in front of her. The tone of the book is funny, playful, and horror. â€Å"Just then he heard the black steed panting and blowing close behind him, he even†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg. 63) The headless horseman chasing after Ichabod crane showed the theme of a playful book. It was not really the headless horseman. It was Brom trying to scare crane because of his jealousy. He was jealous of Ichabod and Katrina. â€Å"Always burst into hearty laugh at the mention of the pumpkin. †(pg. 7) Brom was laughing when they mentioned the pumpkin when Crane was brought up. â€Å"Certain is the place still continues under the†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg. 3) In this book there are lots of spells and weird creatures. The headless horseman is an example of a weird creature. The mood of The Legend of the Sleepy Hollow is foreshadowing, suspenseful, and scary. â€Å"The bridge became more than ever an object. †(pg. 63) The author was foreshadowing that something might happen to or on the bridge. Also, that the bridge was haunted. â€Å"There is a little valley, or rather lap of land, among high hills†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg. ) This quote is foreshadowing and scary. This foreshadows what type of place Sleepy Hollow was. This makes the reader think that Sleepy Hollow might be a place where weird thing happen. in this quote he was describing Sleepy Hallow. The Legend of Sleepy Hollow was boring but described in a scary way. This book was a book of fantasy. Irving could have had better dialogue by using real characters and having more action. The story revolved around the theme of the story. The book had a horror tone but this did not affect theme love and community.

How to Enable Front-End Guest Post Submissions in WordPress

Running a WordPress blog can be time-consuming – especially if youre doing it all on your own. Aside from your many managerial tasks, you also need to  come up with new ideas and publish posts consistently. If youre feeling overwhelmed, enabling guest post submissions in WordPress can be just the thing you need to give your blog a boost.In addition to providing you with more content that you can use on your site, guest posts are an excellent  way to increase engagement online. If you treat your contributors respectfully, they may continue submitting content over the long-term – which is ideal for you and your website.In this article, well explain what guest post submissions are, why they can help you, and how you can enable them on your WordPress website. Lets jump right in!Three awesome things you can do with  guest post submissionsA lot of popular WordPress blogs feature occasional content written by outside contributors. These are commonly referred to as guest posts, and it makes a lot of sense to take advantage of them if you have the chance. Lets discuss why.1. Grow your editorial calendarDepending on the size of your operation, it might make sense to schedule your posts in advance just to keep things in order.  In other words, you might need an editorial calendar.Scheduling your content in advance might seem unnecessary, but it can come in handy to coordinate the efforts of your contributors. Furthermore, it can help you fill in gaps if one of your own pieces  is running behind. Keeping the flow of content steady is crucial, particularly for growing blogs.And if you dont believe me, just look at Huffington Post, the biggest blog on the web. Its reported that they publish an astonishing 1600 to 2000 posts per day. This is an extreme example that posting frequency is key. Dont worry, though, you dont need to go near that number.(No. of posts published per day; chart by Visualizer Lite.)Enabling guest post submissions in WordPress i s one of the simplest ways to keep  your calendar full. The more content you receive, the further in advance youll be able to schedule posts, and the more backups youll have in case something goes wrong.2. Find new contributorsGuest submissions should always be welcome, but youll want to rely on regular contributors to shoulder the brunt of the work whenever possible. The more familiar writers are with the style and content of your site, the less micromanagement theyll need. That means you can spend more time focusing on the big picture instead.One of the best ways to grow your organizations roster is to look for talented voices among your guest contributors. Once youve located someone with potential, you can add them to your multi-author website. Its not often youll find a perfect fit, but it doesnt hurt to keep your eyes peeled!3. Foster a sense of community around your siteOne of the keys to a successful WordPress website is building a community around it. Making sure that your visitors know their opinions and voices are being heard is crucial to keeping them engaged.Furthermore, users who feel engaged will be more likely to give you useful feedback, which can help to improve your content in the future. One of the best ways to ensure that members of your community feel appreciated is to give them the option to contribute to your site as if they were part of the core team.Enabling guest post submissions in WordPress can help you do this. Of course, youll still need to vet all the content that makes it into your editorial calendar – at least for new contributors  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ but the effort is well worth it. Furthermore, setting up this feature isnt complicated at all. Lets talk about how to do it.How to enable front end guest post submissions in WordPress (in 2 steps)For this tutorial, well be using the Frontend Publishing plugin, since its the most straightforward tool  available. Frontend Publishing Author(s): Hassan AkhtarCurrent Version: 2.5. 2Last Updated: May 25, 2019front-end-publishing.2.5.2.zip 96%Ratings 58,831Downloads WP 3.6+Requires Once youve installed and activated the plugin, you can insert a guest post submission form on any part of your website using the following shortcode:[fep_submission_form]Before you do that, however, there are two important steps you should take.Step 1: Set up restrictions for your guest postsAfter installing the plugin, a new Frontend Publishing tab will appear on your WordPress dashboard. Clicking on it will send you to the plugins settings menu, where you can configure restrictions for your guest posts. This will enable you to weed out low-effort submissions without having to check each of them personally.Using this menu, you can set restrictions on the  minimum  and maximum word counts for the title and body of any submission, as well as for its author biography:Furthermore, you can limit the number of links that appear in the submitted content and authors biography. This can a be a good policy so users dont abuse the opportunity to link out to multiple  external sites.With that out of the way, lets move on to configuring permissions.Step 2: Configure the permissions for your contributorsAside from enabling you to receive guest post submissions in WordPress, the Frontend Publishing plugin can handle some basic permission settings. For example, you can make it so that specific user roles wont have to be manually checked before publication:Should you decide to promote some of your guest authors to more permanent contributor positions, these settings will enable them to publish content directly. This isnt a decision you should take lightly, so make sure to carefully vet any new contributors before giving them more permissions than necessary!Okay, with all that taken care of, you can now enjoy your new form for guest post submissions in WordPress. Again, all you do is use the [fep_submission_form] shortcode anywhere within any pages or posts content. Heres what it looks like for me:ConclusionGuest posts offer you a fantastic way to grow your editorial calendar, court new long-term contributors, and even foster a sense of community within your site. Wed go so far as to say theyre a slam dunk idea for any website that can attract submissions in the first place.Furthermore, WordPress makes it easy to set up guest post submissions using the Frontend Publishing plugin. All you need to do is configure some basic  rules for your submissions (to weed out low-effort posts) and set up permissions for your contributors.Do you have any questions about how to set up front end guest post submissions in WordPress? Let us know in the comments section below!

Free Essays on So Far From The Bamboo Grove

So Far from the Bamboo Grove So far from the bamboo grove, by Yoko Kawashima Watkins is about two sisters, a brother, and a mother in search of a safe place to live. The first sister, Ko, is a selfish, bratty girl who does not appreciate the good things in life until after they are gone. The other sister, Yoko, is a very strict teenager who is very bossy. Their brother is a man who is trying to earn respect by joining the army, and their mother is a woman who is very respectful and traditional. This story takes place in 1945 in Korea where the country is at war. This family is torn apart by the war and needs to find a safe place to live. The title of this story is significant because the bamboo grove is where this family lived and now they know they must move so far away from it leaving behind all their memories. They move across their land. They even said that they took a boat ride to another place. They moved away to leave the army that was killing people. This is a reason why the title is significant. Another way the title is significant is because they are traveling to different places away from the bamboo grove. They even said that they slept at a train station. They must have been very uncomfortable. They had to sleep on the ground sometimes. That is one of the many reasons the title is significant. The final reason that the title is significant is that they explain how they take a train ride. They slept on the floor with a whole bunch of other people. They said that they were on a train and that they had to watch a pregnant woman give birth to a baby. I know this because the story said that the communist army was looking for them on the train. This is why that the title is significant. Yoko has changed in her journeys through Nanan, Korea to Kyoto, Japan. She has gotten more thankful for the things she has. She appreciates the food that she has, even if she does not like it. She has learned many lessons through her journey... Free Essays on So Far From The Bamboo Grove Free Essays on So Far From The Bamboo Grove So Far from the Bamboo Grove So far from the bamboo grove, by Yoko Kawashima Watkins is about two sisters, a brother, and a mother in search of a safe place to live. The first sister, Ko, is a selfish, bratty girl who does not appreciate the good things in life until after they are gone. The other sister, Yoko, is a very strict teenager who is very bossy. Their brother is a man who is trying to earn respect by joining the army, and their mother is a woman who is very respectful and traditional. This story takes place in 1945 in Korea where the country is at war. This family is torn apart by the war and needs to find a safe place to live. The title of this story is significant because the bamboo grove is where this family lived and now they know they must move so far away from it leaving behind all their memories. They move across their land. They even said that they took a boat ride to another place. They moved away to leave the army that was killing people. This is a reason why the title is significant. Another way the title is significant is because they are traveling to different places away from the bamboo grove. They even said that they slept at a train station. They must have been very uncomfortable. They had to sleep on the ground sometimes. That is one of the many reasons the title is significant. The final reason that the title is significant is that they explain how they take a train ride. They slept on the floor with a whole bunch of other people. They said that they were on a train and that they had to watch a pregnant woman give birth to a baby. I know this because the story said that the communist army was looking for them on the train. This is why that the title is significant. Yoko has changed in her journeys through Nanan, Korea to Kyoto, Japan. She has gotten more thankful for the things she has. She appreciates the food that she has, even if she does not like it. She has learned many lessons through her journey...

Review questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Review questions - Assignment Example The company advertises through the television, print, and radio. It sells through its travel agents and online medium. Promotion is through sponsoring of high profile events such as World Tourism Day, Tourism Council Summit, leading international sports events, among others (Qatar Airways, 2014). Marketing myopia is a strategy in advertising that only focuses on the company’s desire to sell specific goods and services at the expense of customer’s needs. This can be avoided by focusing more on customer needs. A company should pay more attention to the shopping habits of customers in order to satisfy their needs (Armstrong & Kotler, 2013). Customer-perceived value shows the value or success of a product based on whether the customers trust that the product can satisfy their needs. This plays a role in customer satisfaction such that when the customer-perceived value is high, the level of satisfaction of customers will also be high (Yang & Peterson, 2004). Market segmentation plays the role of placing a company in a favourable position with regard to the needs of customers. Marketing targeting on the other hand helps a company to reach its customers easily, thus reducing the cost of marketing. Differentiation enables a company to create the perception among its target market that the products it offers are different and have an added value than those of other companies. Positioning enables a company to influence its customer base in a positive way with regard to their purchase decisions. Positioning helps the messages of marketing from a company reach the target market, and ensures that the target customers take action (Armstrong & Kotler, 2013). The company offers affordable tickets to its customers and is a cost leader. It has only three class of travel, charges all meals and beverages, and has a reduced allowance on luggage. Therefore, it also cuts its cost of production. Additionally, this company has a good reputation, which helps it to have

Management and the Cultural Industries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Management and the Cultural Industries - Essay Example Thus, culture is a myriad of different aspects of society including formalized and unofficial systems. (Davey) As culture is evolving constantly by the developments around the society, industries such as the media which include print, radio, television, music, entertainment among others represent the culture of a society and also influence it to a certain extent. These industries, that are known as cultural industries produce cultural texts, which are manifestations of the prevailing, culture for example ‘An American Brat’ by Bapsi Sidhwa is a book that represents the culture of Zoroastrians and how it is affected by moving to a Western country and integrating into a different cultural environment. Cultural industries create cultural texts which can be anything from books to music to newspapers and fashion. In America, during the time of flower power, the music and the fashion represented and promoted the culture of that period expressing harmony and bohemianism. However , cultural industries are influenced by other factors beside the prevailing culture itself such as the political scenario and economic conditions, they are driven by profit and often the texts are dependent on revenue and commercialism rather true creative representations of culture. Thus, this report focuses on the extent to which cultural texts are affected by political and economic factors. Culture and the political economy The political economy approach to culture focuses on how the production and distribution systems governing the cultural industries affect culture and cultural texts. The approach focuses on the interaction of political systems, economics, state institutions, social institutions and everyday life. The political and economic factors in a society determine to a great extent which faces of culture are promoted and which are neglected due to the dependence of cultural industries on revenue and profit and the power wielded by the state. (Kellner, 1999) This approach includes the conflict between the communist and capitalist approach. A capitalist economy would be focused on achieving the most with regards to revenue and thus focus on the popularity and profitability of the text whereas the communist economy would be more sensitive to political power and be restricted by it. However, even in a democratic capitalist setting the state would be involved in media matter regarding products such as cigarettes advertising, thus influencing the content of cultural texts. (Kellner, 1999) THE US AND EUROPEAN APPROACH The two main political economy approaches to cultural texts are the US and the European. The US model is the Schiller-McChesney tradition which focuses on the use of power and information media. The European approach focuses on cultural industries and the ‘commodifying of culture’. It addresses the information and entertainment side and focuses on the creation, production and delivery of cultural texts as well the audience respo nses. It inserts the creators of text; authors, musicians, performers and others in the context of the market. (Cultural Approaches to Economy and the Media, 2010) CULTURAL TEXTS AND GOVERNMENT CONTROL The political economy approach identifies how cultural texts are affected by government control. However, in a free market economy cultural texts generated through cultural industri

Block Scheduling vs Periods Essay Example for Free

Block Scheduling vs Periods Essay A small debate has always been discussed when talking about block scheduling and traditional class periods. Some people like the longer classes while others prefer the traditional six shorter class periods. Everyone has their own opinions about block scheduling. Block scheduling can be really helpful to high school students in many ways. Although, block scheduling is a longer time spent in one class, it should be mandatory in all high schools rather than traditional class periods. Block Scheduling is more like college classes, rather than traditional six period classes. There are many ways to schedule with using the block method. One option is the alternating block schedule. Classes meet each day for ninety minutes. Four classes meet on A days, and four meet on B days, with days of the week alternating as A or B. The second method is the semester block scheduling. This allows students to attend just four classes for ninety minutes each day for an entire semester. The following semester students enroll in another four classes. These two methods are the most like college classes. It is good for high school students to experience and get used to the longer time spent in classes to prepare them for college. Block scheduling allows students to take more subjects and cover more material in one class. High school students need to prepare for the future and get used to the way college classes are organized and with the block scheduling they are sure to do that. With the six traditional class periods students only have forty-five to sixty minutes in each class before the bell signals for the next. By the traditional six classes they stay in the same subject all year around. Block scheduling gives two more extra classes to take because of the extra time (Schroth). Many high school students are involved in extracurricular activities at the school they attend. By using the block method, teachers can get most of everything they had planned finished in one class allowing extra time to do class work and students will not have as much homework. Only having four classes cut down on homework rather than six classes all year around. Block scheduling allows teachers to teach less students and can have relationships and get to know each student very well. Students can get direct help from the instructor and can learn more easily (Ediger). This is good for at risk students because it gives them a chance to just focus on a few subjects each semester rather than all year long. In some schools, block scheduling allows students to take dual enrollment at their local community college. By doing this, high school students can get a head start on college classes if they are able (Childers). Many opportunities to help academics can come from the block scheduling method. Block Scheduling allows students who fail a subject the first semester, to retake it the second semester. Many schools have seen test scores increase (Wilson). While students have more time to do daily work instead of homework, teachers have more time for their planning period. It allows more time for more in class projects and individual work between students and the instructor. Many teachers have said that with block scheduling, more discipline problems have decreased. Because traditional scheduling requires changing classes six times a day, students get more chances to start trouble between those classes. With block scheduling you’re only changing three times and there is a less chance of problems between classes (Wilson). Block scheduling does have its disadvantages just like traditional scheduling. Since students will not be going to class daily, some subjects might require drill and practice to stay refreshed on a student’s mind (Schroth). With classes being ninety minutes, students might get tired or bored with the subject they are in and ready to go to the next class. A bad instructor could cause students to not want to go to class for that long of a time. Block scheduling advantages outweighs its disadvantage. It prepares high school students for college. College classes are completely different than high school. Teachers have more time to prepare, teach and individually help each student in class. Discipline issues have decreased because of the less time spent in the hallways. The block method is great for all high schools and preparing students for the future.

Benefits of Maps in Geographical Analysis

Benefits of Maps in Geographical Analysis Maps are the most important and indispensable tool for geographers to use. They help people understand and explore â€Å"relationships† on our planet. A map shows a representation of various phenomenons over all the earth or of a specific area of the land, in a visual graphic format. The earliest maps were drawn on rock surfaces, clay tablets, metal plates, papyrus linen or constructed of sticks. Today maps are usually rendered on a flat surface such as paper or on a computer monitor. Maps are the most successful means of recording and communicating information about the location and spatial characteristics of the natural world and of different societies and cultures. Maps are not perfect, but as technology has improved, so have the quality and accuracy of maps. The science of map making is known as cartography. As maps are so commonly used to convey information, it is important to be able to read and interpret them correctly. Drawn to Scale A map is a reducer; it shrinks an area to a manageable size. The amount of reduction is known as the scale. In order for maps to be useful they are scaled down so that they are small enough to be handled by an individual and so that they fit on the available paper or screen. When scaling down a map, every part of the map is scaled by the same amount. This ensures that every object on the map is the same proportion as everything else on the map. As the earth is round and maps are flat it is impossible to create a map with a perfect scale, some parts of the map will be big and others small. The larger a territory represented by a map, the greater the distortion in the scale. The smaller the area the map represents, the more accurate it is. It is important that we recognise how to read, understand and utilize scale as we examine the different maps we encounter. The scale on the map is used to convert distances on the maps to distances in reality and the scale is depicted on the map as t hree common methods. They are referred to as the graphic (linear) method, the verbal (word) method and the fractional (ratio) method. The graphic method depicts scale using a line with separations marked by smaller interesting lines, similar to a ruler. One side of the scale represents the distance on the map, while the other side represents the true distance of objects in real life. By measuring the distance between two objects on a map and then referring to the graphic scale it is easy to calculate the actual distance between those same items. http://www.bxwa.com/fastbid/instructions_measure_sample.gif The verbal method simply uses words to describe the ratio between the map’s scale and the real world. Simply measure the distance on the map and then follow the verbal directions to calculate the actual distance. [â€Å"Once centimetre on the map equals one hundred and fifty meters on the ground†] The fractional method portrays the scale of a map using a representative fraction to describe the ratio between the map and the real world. http://www.edc.uri.edu/nrs/classes/nrs409509/Lectures/4MapBasics/scale_2quad.jpg 1:24 000, in this example, 1cm on the map represents 2,4km on the ground Large Scale VS Small Scale A map which depicts a relatively small area is referred to as a large scale map. The visual representation is shown in more detail. This is because the area of land being represented by the map has been scaled down less, in other words, the scale is larger. 1:10000 is a relatively large fraction. A map depicting a large area, such as an entire country, is considered a small scale map. In order to show the entire country, the map must be scaled down until it is much smaller. This map is less detailed as it shows a relatively vast area. 1:50000 is a small fraction. Large Scale Map VS Small Scale Map http://basementgeographer.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/mapscale.png Coordinate System Maps are very effective in conveying information about space and location. Relative location defines a place in relation to other places. It is a basic reference tool. It is part of your basic geographic knowledge and critical thinking. Directions such as south, west, next door or down the road are used. Absolute location is crucial for referencing maps and is also known as mathematical location. Coordinate systems are used where as grids consisting of horizontal (parallels of latitude) and vertical lines (meridians of longitude) covering the entire globe are used. The interceptions of these lines create addresses in a global coordinate system giving each location a specific, unique and mathematical placement. Longitude and Latitude Measuring latitude – the North Pole and the South Pole provide two natural reference points because they mark the opposite positions of the Earth’s axis. The equator, halfway between the poles, forms a circle that divides the planet into the Northern hemisphere and the Southern hemisphere. The equator is the reference line for measuring latitude in degrees north or south of the equator = 0’ latitude. From the equator, the angles and their arcs increase until we reach the North and South Pole at the maximum latitudes of 90’ North and 90’ South. Measuring longitude – to describe an east or west position, we need a starting line. Longitude lines run from pole to pole. The global position of the 0’ east-west line for longitude was established by international agreement. The longitude line passing through Greenwich, England (near London) was accepted as the prime meridian, known as the Greenwich Meridian. Grid referencing occurs when you use the lines of latitude and longitude to locate a place or an object. It is measured in degrees, minutes and seconds. When writing down the grid reference, remember to quote the latitude numbers first (numbers on the side of the map) and write South or North afterwards. These are the lines going across the map. Then quote the longitude (numbers from the bottom or top of the map) and write East or West afterwards. Always have 6 digits in your reference and any one digit number must then have a 0 written in front of it. Projecting Our Globe onto a Flat Surface Over the centuries, many different ways of representing the round earth on flat paper have been developed. Each of these methods is referred to as map projections. There are thousands of projections but no â€Å"single† or â€Å"correct† projection. Today it is still impossible to draw a flat map that is 100% accurate. This is due to the impossibility of recreating the surface of a round planet on a flat map. Distortions are common but there mathematical attempts to minimise the distortions. Distortion occurs in area, shape, scale, distance and direction. Map projections are an attempt to correct distortions. The types of projections are cylindrical, conical and planar (Mercator, Lamberts, Universal Transverse Mercator and the Gauss Conformal Projection). Cylindrical projection maps are the most common type of map that we see. The area close to the equator has very little distortion, however the closer to the poles that one travels, the more distorted the map becomes. http://ngwww.ucar.edu/conmaptutor/ezmap/ezmap.figure.id.3.gif Conical projection maps display a more accurate map then the cylindrical map. However, the further we travel down the map, the more distorted and less accurate the map becomes. http://oivdoc90.vsg3d.com/sites/default/files/imported/usersguide/images/UsersGuide-692.png Planar projection maps are not commonly used. http://octopus.gma.org/surfing/images/planar.gif There are many different types of interrupted projection maps. They depict the continents as accurately as possible by leaving out less important blank spaces of the map, such as the ocean. Properties of Map Projections Each of the map projections must consider shape, area, distance, size and direction when depicting the maps. The two most important factors that need to be considered is Shape Vs Size. The challenge is that the more accurate you depict the shape of objects, the less accurate the size of the objects will be and vice versa. Map projections are classified as follows: conformal and equivalent. Conformal maps portray shape accurately. This type of map has many negative aspects that it can get quiet distorted, especially towards both the top and bottom of the map. This creates problems with scale. Equivalent maps portray size accurately. These maps are very useful as no matter what part of the map we examine, the scale will remain accurate. Although the sizes of the objects are accurate their shapes may become distorted. By blending both conformality and equivalency map projections, we create a map that balances the distortion of both size and shape. By compromising these projections a hybrid map between conformal and equivalent is formed. The Key to Understanding Maps Maps can be drawn to represent a variety of information. Cartographic abstraction is when important details are chosen to convey the map’s information, while less relevant details are often not shown. This indicates that the map is not â€Å"complete† as details are simplified or omitted to keep the map legible. Geographic features shown on maps are represented by symbols such as: lines, shapes, colours, dots and units. This information might include things such as roads, churches, diggings and monuments. The objects on a map are represented using symbols. A symbol is a picture on the map that represents something in the real world. Understanding these symbols requires the use of a key/legend. It usually shows a small picture of each of the symbols used on the map, along with a written description of the meaning. http://holderbaum.educationextras.com/map%20key%20small.jpg Maps are important tools in geography and geography students must be able to identify and distinguish between different maps. Maps convey spatial information, through graphic symbols, â€Å"a language of location† that must be able to be read and understood to appreciate and comprehend the rich store of information maps display. Scale, coordinate systems, projections and symbolization are some of the main concepts of the â€Å"language† found on maps.

Discuss your opinion of the recovered memory

Psychologists believe that it is common to consciously repress unpleasant experiences although the unconscious repression of traumatic experiences such as sexual abuse or rape is a defense mechanism that usually backfires (Carroll, 2005). Loftus (1998) wrote an article on â€Å"The Price of Bad Memories† that leaves a room for doubt for people who are contemplating on seeking treatment and those who are already being treated by a psychiatrist.It is difficult for those who are emotionally and psychologically helpless to determine the best possible treatment when their main concern is to seek assistance from mental health professionals who are in the best position to help them gain a better quality of life. In many cases, patients who are subjected to hypnosis, guided imagery, influence of drugs and other methods during therapy sessions to uncover unpleasant memories of childhood sexual abuse, rape, satanic ritual abuse and cult activities are also isolated from their families, friends, and the outside world (United States v.Peterson et al. (n. d. ). Hence, implanting false memories into the minds of patients is not only alarming but also unethical and a serious criminal offense. The case of Patricia Burgus and other patients who were diagnosed with Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD) is a wake-up call to the medical profession. The neglect on the part of the psychiatrist and Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center with regards to documenting and safeguarding the tape records of the patient’s therapy sessions may earn a questionable mark on the reputation of the professionals and health centers.Questions with regards to the safekeeping of patients’ records may arise. The mix-up of tapes is an indication that tape recordings are not properly labeled with the patient’s name, date of therapy session and the name of the mental health professional who conducted the therapy. There were also failures on the part of the mental health provi ders to keep a hard copy of patient’s therapy, treatment and progress. From the cases that were filed, it is apparent that administrators of the hospitals or medical centers do not impose strict policies in terms of securing patients’ records.The conspiracy among the psychologists, psychiatrists, psychotherapists and medical centers leads us to a thought provoking situation. As one would seek an answer to the question regarding the hidden motives of several mental health professionals who risk their professions and be subjected to malpractice suits by unjustly collecting insurance payments as a result of exaggerating diagnoses and overstating the need for expensive treatments remains doubtful. Psychiatrists maintain patients who seek their treatment and advice on a regular basis.Hence, deriving income at the risk of their profession and reputation is not a motivating factor. The question of benefiting from insurance payments is unbelievable to some extent although ther apy for the treatment of multiple personality disorders may take a long period of time. From the standpoint of a reader who is neither a health professional nor a patient, one may not discount the possibility that these mental health professionals may be subjecting their patients to an experiment in order to test the effectiveness of their technique.However, there is no evidence to prove this accusation. With the multitude of lawsuits filed against the mental health professionals and medical centers regarding claims of corroborated repressed memories, there will be more patients and families who may take advantage of the situation. False accusations regarding misdiagnosis and improper treatment may also grow in numbers as the victims gain awareness of the monetary settlement that may be derived from the litigation.The American Psychological Association (1996) claimed that most people who were sexually abused as children have memories of all or part of what happened to them although they may not fully understand or disclose it. Amidst the controversy on recovered memory, people who are victims of substance and sexual abuse, depression, personal adjustment and problems of relationship should not hesitate to consult their mental health providers. As a precautionary measure, it is important to choose competent professionals and get a referral from the state psychological association in the local community.

Congenital Insensitivity to Pain with Anhidrosis: a Miracle or a Curse?

Have you ever wondered what life would be like without physical pain? Would life be more peaceful? Would we be more aggressive or would we possibly be incapable of enjoying the pleasures of life? We may think we are better off without pain but â€Å"Pain is simply our intrinsic medical adviser to warn us and stimulate us† (H. G. Wells, The Island of Dr. Moreau). Some people have been able to experience this anomaly, the ability to be incapable of experiencing any physical pain. These people are proven examples that pain is in fact necessary. Without pain one an never truly discover their body’s physical limits and may against their knowledge inflict a great deal of pain upon themselves. People with the inability to feel pain have the disease called Congenital Insensitivity to Pain with Anhidrosis (CIPA). CIPA is categorized as a Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathic disease. Congenital Insensitivity to pain is the inability to feel uneasy sensations pertaining to an individual from birth. Anhidrosis is the inability to sweat thus causing the incapability to regulate body temperature. HSAN type IV is a genetic disorder caused by multiple DNA mutations. These mutations occur on the neuropathic tyrosine kinase receptor types one (ntrk1 gene). In normal people the NGR (neuropathic gene receptor) stimulates the growth support and the survival of the autonomic sympathetic neurons as well as nociceptive sensory neurons, which transmit pain sensations to the spinal cord and the brain. Mutations occur in portions of the gene that encode the intracellular and extracellular domain of the protein, which may affect the variability in presentation. Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathic (HSAN) type IV causes Congenital Insensitivity to Pain with Anhidrosis. HSAN IV is the second most common type of HSAN. CIPA symptoms normally manifest at an early age, but can be difficult to diagnose. Infants with CIPA rarely cry from normal ailments, such as not crying when hungry as they cannot sense hunger and they can sleep soundly throughout the night as they cannot sense their needs that need to be met. Parents believe it to be a blessing that their child doesn’t cry until other onset symptoms occur. These symptoms include unexplained fevers, self-mutilation, and developmental delay. When teething children often chew on anything they can, but since children with CIPA don’t realise the pain of biting themselves, teething becomes dangerous. Many CIPA children begin to bite off their own tongue and fingers when teething; often ripping out their own teeth as well. Around this time, parents begin to realise that these symptoms are not normal for children. People with CIPA can’t live a normal life because of the many unfortunate ailments caused by the disease. Hyperactivity is a common characteristic of children with CIPA, as is eing unable to differentiate between temperatures. Many children die early because it is very easy for them to overheat as they cannot regulate their own body temperature. The lack of sweating causes the skin to become thick and susceptible to skin infections and cellulitis. Their bones deteriorate over a shorter period of time than normal bones. Their joints are overused usually confining patients to a wheelchair (wheelchair boun d). An infinite number of patients develop appendicitis and die because they are unable to feel the pain that this would normally cause. It is impossible to determine the number of CIPA patients, as there is quite a discrepancy in the statistics. Unfortunately, there is no cure for CIPA, and they are very few treatment options. Since it is a rare disorder there hasn’t been a lot of research done on the topic. To regulate the body temperature, some individuals with CIPA have to wear a special cooling vest designed by NASA, and must have a controlled thermostat. These individuals, like 11 year old Kayla Woodhouse, need to have a cooler filled with ice pack re-fills for her vest, and fluids to keep her hydrated. Other patients with CIPA wear goggles to protect their cornea, which would otherwise become damaged from their habit to scratch themselves. Gabby Gingras is one of the well known CIPA patients who wears goggles to prevent further damage. Gabby also had to have her teeth removed by the age of two to prevent further irreparable damage to her fingers. People with CIPA need constant supervision to avoid future injuries. Life without pain is more difficult than at first glance; it wouldn’t be as wonderful as we would assume. Upon further investigation of CIPA, although it may seem like a wonderful thing t is an extremely dangerous disorder that most often results in premature death. Until we find a cure, people who have CIPA are forced to painlessly suffer. Imagine if humans could suddenly no longer feel physical pain: Pharmaceutical companies, doctors, and manufacturing companies would cry all the way to their banks. Bibliography Axelrod, F. B. , von Simson, G. G. , Oddoux, C. (20 08, August 5). Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathy IV. GeneReviews. Retrieved November 15, 2008, from, http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/bookshelf/br. fcgi? book=gene&part=hsan4. Brown, A. (2006, May 20). It’s not so easy being a superhero. The Gazette. Retrieved December 1, 2008, from http://findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_qn4191/is_20060520/ai_n16434313. Lambert, K. (n. d). How CIPA Works. How Stuff Works. Retrieved November 12, 2008, from http://health. howstuffworks. com/cipa. htm/printable. Lee, B. (2008, November 17). Health Talk: Congenital insensitivity to pain. The Tartan. Retrieved December 2, 2008, from http://www. thetartan. org/2008/11/17/scitech/healthtalk. Wells, H. G. (1988). The Island of Dr. Moreau. New York: Signet Classic.

Should Teenagers Be Required to Get Their Parents Permission to Obtain Contraceptives

Should Teenagers Be Required to Get Their Parents Permission to Obtain Contraceptives All in the Family: Teens and Contraceptive Permission When a Child Becomes an Adult Nature plays a cruel trick on a person during their adolescent years. It is the stage of life where one’s body begins its ascent to adulthood, a process that does not go without kicking in high gear the sexual and reproductive instincts, as well. The problem lies in a teenager’s brain anatomy and psychology, as most teens have not fully matured, emotionally, physically and mentally, to lead healthy, responsible sexually active lives. This fact should most certainly be considered in the debate of whether or not teenagers in America, from age 13 to 17, have the right to obtain contraceptives on their own. Any reasonably sane, rational person would agree that it should be illegal for a teen, a minor, to obtain contraceptives without their parents’ legal permission. Majority of Teens aren’t Mature Enough to Make Adult Decisions First of all, Science provides an important explanation for this argument, that teens wanting contraceptives to be legally required to have their parent’s permission to do so. A majority of teens just aren’t mature enough to make adult-like decisions when it comes to sex. Of course, there are plenty of sexually active adolescents, and many are likely responsible enough to not let sex ruin their lives – as in getting pregnant or impregnating another when they’re not ready financially and emotionally, and also contracting a sexually transmitted disease. But there are just as many adolescents who do let sexual activity completely ruin their lives. Though an adolescent possesses the eagerness and physical yearning for a human-to-human population as that of a fully mature adult, their brain is still growing and developing – especially the prefrontal cortex of the brain responsible for impulse control and decision-making. In fact, this part of the brain d oes not fully develop in men until the age of 25. Teens will be sexually active regardless of whether or not they are ready for its potential consequences; but if their parents know of their sexual activity and agree to allow their use of contraceptives, they at least have a better chance of taking the necessary precautions to avoid a lifetime of hardship. They can help them avoid troubles. You may be interested in: Relieving Students School-Related Stress Educational Field Trip Safety Issues Developing Students Creativity Why Are You Not in Class and out There Bleeding Junk Food in School A teenager should be legally required to first have their parents’ permission before obtaining contraceptives because their parents can offer them guidance and support – and financial assistance if an accidental disease or pregnancy occurs. Many parents may be unaware their adolescent children are sexually active in the first place, consequently not being there to make sure their children are practicing safe sex and taking precautions to avoid pregnancy and disease. When a parent first learns their teenage child is sexually active, they usually will, one, try to educate them on how best to go about having a responsible sex life – since they most likely cannot forbid them from having sex. And even if a teen is sexually active and takes the right precautions, as in getting on birth control or using condoms, they still may make bad decisions with even worse consequences if they are hiding the fact from their parents. Teenagers shouldn’t be allowed to obtain contraceptives on their own, without parental permission because they are minors – and are not considered adults. There is a reason they cannot vote, go to war, stay out past curfew, purchase the  alcohol and tobacco products: they are legally not allowed to. By legally requiring parents to grant permission to allow their teenage children, from age 13 to 15, access to contraceptives, these parents are also kept legally responsible for their children. So if the parents practice negligence in this matter, as in allowing their children to lead lives of sexual promiscuity without safe-sex practices, they could be held legally responsible. Teens Are not Prepared to Face the Consequences Although adolescents feel the sexual urges of an adult, yearn for a human-to-human population like that of a fully matured adult human, they are not adults. They are not prepared to face the consequences adults face, because they have not fully matured emotionally, psychologically, financially; therefore, sexually active teens must not have access to contraceptives without their parent’s consent. Of course, there are older, more mature adolescents who have can take responsibility for their own future and engage in healthy, safe sexual practices. But many teens do allow their sexual instincts to get the better of them. So it should be required legally that teenagers shouldn’t be allowed to obtain contraceptives on their own without parental permission.

Hobbes And Locke Essays - Philosophy, Political Philosophy

Hobbes And Locke Essays - Philosophy, Political Philosophy Hobbes And Locke Hobbes and Locke Outcome 2 . Thomas Hobbes was born in Wiltshire, England in 1588 just prior to the Spanish Armada. Philosophy is defined by Hobbes as the reasoned knowledge of effects from causes, and causes from effects. Hobbes was educated in Oxford where he learnt about the great classics and also of Aristotle, however Hobbes disliked Aristotles approach that democracy was the best form of government. Hobbes spent many a year on the continent and his disliking for Aristotles works grew, when he returned to Britain there was a civil war underway so he left the country again and wrote several pieces of literature, these include the, De Cive and The Elements of law. Later on his book the Leviathan was published. Hobbes died in 1679 after becoming one well-known political writer, but he has not been forgotten and his political thought lives on. Hobbess most famous piece of work the, Leviathan presents life before government was formed this was what Hobbes referred to as the, State of nature. Hobbes believed that every man was naturally equal and due to this war was inevitable because every man was for himself. War would be inevitable as fought for material possession and for basic necessities like water and food. The first of these, causes of quarrel- maketh man invade for gain, the second for safety and the third for reputation. With this continuing state of war and would produce a lifestyle in which there would be no society, industry or trading. As Hobbes states that there would be; No knowledge of the face of the earth; no account of time; no arts; no letters; no society; and which is worst of all, contains fear and danger of violent death; and the life of man solitary, poor nasty, brutish and short. For Hobbes the, State of nature was a way of rationalising how people would behave in their most basic state. Hobbes advanced from what Ren Decartes stated I think , therefore I am. Hobbes used the individual as a building block from which all his political theories arose. Hobbes formed his theories by way of empirical observation and he believed that the universe was just atoms in notion and therefore could be measured by geometry and mathematics and could be used to explain human behaviour. According to Thomas Hobbes people would willing give up all their rights to everything and anything as long as every individual was willing to do this. Nevertheless basic human nature would not allow this and with no way of controlling it people would soon break it in an attempt to control a greater share of power over one another. Hobbes recognised that in order to ensure the stability and peace in his opinion this could be achieved by means of a Social contract. Hobbes realising that the only way to maintain order among the people would by having an authoritarian government. He gave the government the name of Leviathan which when translated means monster. This meant that in exchange for individual rights the people would have in return peace, security and protection from one another. The people would not want to return to the basic state of nature and therefore would not protest against the government which would have power over their natural liberty. The social contract would at first be set-up by men to establish a commonwealth which in turn would be governed by a sovereign to whom in the interest of self preservation, simple right to govern oneself is abolished. The sovereign may be an individual or a group of individuals who are not part of the social contract. However the citizens themselves are part of the social contract and this means that they will obey the sovereign and obey the rules that the sovereign has enforced. Since the sovereign has all power there would never arise any contract between the subjects and the sovereign to break. To add this once the contract has been established the subjects need to seek the sovereigns permission to break it. As a result of forming this contract nothing that the sovereign does can be seen as unjust and as a result of establishing this contract an artificial man or leviathan is formed. Hobbes

One page summary ISO9000 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

One page summary ISO9000 - Essay Example Various types of documents are required for ISO 9000 certification. Apart from the details of quality management systems, details of management responsibility, resource management, production realization, Measurement, analysis and improvement etc are required to submit by a company if it applies for ISO 9000 certification. The 1994 version of ISO certification emphasized quality assurance via preventive actions, instead of just checking final product whereas the 2000 version of ISO 9000 certification brought the concept of process management front and center (Process management" was the monitoring and optimizing of a companys tasks and activities, instead of just inspecting the final product). ISO does not itself certify organizations; but it provides certification through the accreditation bodies and certification bodies formed in different countries. These bodies charge some fees for giving ISO certification. ISO certification can create a more efficient, effective operation, incre ase customer satisfaction and retention, reduce audits, enhance marketing, improve employee motivation, awareness, and morale, promote international trade, increases profit and reduce waste. At the same time in order to get ISO certification an organization should spent a substantial amount of money, time and also it requires massive paperwork for

HR Management Assignment 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

HR Management 2 - Assignment Example Statistics show that today’s workforce is decreasing at alarming rates. Within the next ten years, labor shortfalls of up to 10 million workers are expected in the United States (Leibold and Voelpel 22). Because of a potentially smaller workforce, there will be challenges in recruiting qualified job seekers to fill vacant positions (Walker, Feild, Giles, and Bernerth 619). In order to attract the right person for the job, it is crucial to have key job expectations already in place so the applicant knows exactly what they are getting themselves into. If you need someone to carry out a series of jobs, then it is important to detail all this in the interview room. If the job instructions are not explained in-depth, then you will likely hire someone who only meets some of your expectations (Vielhaber and Camp 40). However, if a manager chooses to explain the job duties only during the interview, then the job hiring process can be slowed down as potential candidates may not be suit able for the job. This in turn costs the business through lost opportunities and additional recruiting costs. These failures can be seen from the very beginning—designing the job (Rao). The ideal time to define the job tasks that are required is before the applicant turns up for an interview. Then, the job seeker can query any confusing job requirements during the interview. This is otherwise known as a job description. ... To determine whether or not these responsibilities are carried out in an effective manner, performance standards need to be created. Performance standards indicate what the job accomplishes and how performance is measured in key areas of the job description (Mathis and Jackson 156). The reason that these performance standards are included is so employees can know what is expected of them. If they gain this knowledge beforehand, it is more likely that they will be able to perform the job to a high standard. A usual job description contains a number of components: identification, general summary, essential functions and duties, job specifications, and disclaimer and approvals (Mathis and Jackson 157). Identification is made up of the title of the job, who to report to, department, location, pay grade, and possible compensation. The general summary is a short description of the responsibilities and components specific to a particular job. Essential functions and duties are definitive st atements on the major tasks, duties, and responsibilities that need to be performed. Job specifications are defined as knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs), education and experience, and physical requirements and working conditions (Mathis and Jackson 157). Disclaimer and approvals contain signatures from the manager that allows employers to change employees’ job duties. Employers need to show that their employment procedures are related to the job requirements. To determine this, employers must conduct a job analysis to classify the knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) needed to be able to perform a job adequately (Mathis and Jackson 116). The three validation strategies that are used to measure this include content validity, criterion-related validity, and

Finance assignment related to china and jordan political risk

Finance related to china and jordan political risk - Assignment Example 14). This paper aims at comparing the corruption price index rating of China and Jordan, reasons for the differences, and issues that create these differences, a rating of political risks of Chin and Jordan, examples of political risks on all countries, and potential drawbacks, and ways to hedge against risk. Corruption percentage index in Jordan is at 45 a decline from the 2012 rating of 48 while China’s corruption percentage index is at 40 showing that it increased from a rating of 39 in 2012 (Transparency International., 2014). Both countries were downgraded in the latest corruption percentage index owing to some factor that necessitated this action by Transparency international. The corruption price index differ by 5 points that that of Jordan being higher than in China and this can be explained by some reasons including a deterioration in political risk in China owing to increased political violence, slowing of the growth of the economy, and nationalism of resources. In Jordan, the differences is as a result for the lowering of corruption percentage index are fighting in Syrian that have led to the influx of refugees into Jordan leading to the domestic shocks on the Jordan economy and domestic strain on the economy owing to insecurity (Intelligence Quarterly, July 22, 2011). The issues that this could create are a reduction in foreign investment in the two countries as well as a reduction in the economic growth of the country. The other issues that could be created by increased political risk I inability of the county to attract new investments and investments by local investors in other countries with a high corruption percentage index. Generally, the political risk in China is low while in Jordan it is high. Examples of political risk in Jordan include the 2011 protests that rocked the country. There have not been enough reforms as agreed in 2011, as a measure to end the protests

A Lesson Before Dying Essay Example for Free

A Lesson Before Dying Essay The economic downturn of the past several years has been devastating to local economies and, by extension, their local law enforcement agencies. According to a report by the National Institute of Justice, the United States is currently experiencing the 10th economic decline since World War II (Wiseman 2011). The impact of this downturn will result in a change of how law enforcement services are delivered. As has been discussed by the COPS Office Director, Bernard Melekian, in a series of recent articles published in the Community Policing Dispatch, expectations will not be lowered just because an agency now has fewer officers, or because the budget is limited. Simply doing less while waiting for local budgets to recover to pre-2008 levels is not a viable option. Law enforcement leaders are faced with budget contractions that are in need to identified in different ways to deliver police services and, perhaps more importantly, articulate what the new public safety models will look like to their communities (Melekian 2011a). The effects of the economic downturn on law enforcement agencies may be felt for the next 5–10 years, or worse, permanently. These changes could be permanently driven not just by the economy, but by local government officials who determined that allocating 30–50 percent of their general fund budgets for public safety costs is no longer a fiscal possibility (Melekian 2011b). While it appears that the economy is beginning to recover on the national level, most economists agree that local jurisdictions are still in decline and will continue to be so, at least in the short term. Due to the decline of tax revenues because of Foreclosures County and municipal budgets tend lagging behind the general economy, which is one of the main source of funding for local agencies. Agencies are also faced with the budget realities, the current model for service delivery—which has been with us for the last 50 years—is already starting to change, and will be forced to continue to change dramatically and rapidly in the next 3–5 years. Police departments have been one of the affected by the current economic climate. Restricting revenues nationwide have forced local governments to make cuts in spending across the board, which has affected everything to include public safety operating budgets. However, while these budget cuts are threatening law enforcement jobs the responsibility to serve and protect remain. There has been no methodical way of measuring the effect the economic downturn has had on police agencies across our nation. A good example is how Nigeria has been experiencing difficulties in Budget implementation. The objective of the article was to present alternative forms of budgeting and after exposition on them, to recommend one that could mitigate budget implementation problem for Nigeria. Two types of budgeting addressed are incremental and zero-base. Under incremental budgeting, a certain percentage is added or subtracted from previous periods figures to arrive at new periods budget. Under zero bases, every program is reevaluated for its merits, as if previous budgets never existed. The starting points are the results hoped to achieve, and every debate about budget implementation is done prior to passage. Zero base budgeting is analogous to marketing concept in terms of information requirement and zeroing in on customized needs. To the extent that zero base budgeting plans, executes and controls, it serves as a management tool. Nigerias budgeting has been incremental, overly politicized and not carried out by experts, but merely based on benchmark price and quota of daily oil production. Factors militating against proper budgeting in Nigeria are distortions in fiscal transparency. Budget implementation in Nigeria is a critical problem. Many have blamed our poor socio-economic and infrastructural development on low degree of budget implementation, which is a result of incremental budgeting process. The paper therefore recommends zero based budgeting to Nigeria at all levels (GJSS, 2012). Sometimes inefficiencies result due to poor integration of the finance and strategy. Budgeting and performance are typically overseen by the finance department, whereas planning s coordinated by strategy department. Often, the two processes arent well integrated, resulting in strategies that are often dictated by the budget process instead of vice versa (Gary 2003). The reason for this could be that everyone involved may be attempting to accomplish the same goals, but also trying to make sure that the outcome will be beneficial to them, such as a substantial bonus or a reward. A budget cycle refers to the whole process from the commencement of developing a budget to the execution of the final charge on the budget. Since the majority of the budgets are prepared for a one year period, budget cycles cover the costs and expenditures for a period of one year. However, there are budget cycles that run for more than one year period. Government budgets have a budget cycle of at least 18 months from the conception of the various departments’ budgets to the time the appropriation bills are signed into law (Hyde, 2001). The initial steps of the budget cycle take place in the various departments and agencies. The program officers in the various departments compile all information that is necessary in the preparation of the budget. The budget cycle culminates with the president’s budget application to the Congress. This often takes place in February (USDOJ, 2011). A budget refers to a list of premeditated revenues and expenses. It represents a tool for savings and expenditure. A budget can also be defined as an organizational plan that is stated in monetary terms. It is used as a road map for conducting the activities, objectives, assumptions, and strategies of an organization. A budget cycle is comprised of various stages. Budget planning for the new fiscal year marks the first step of the budget cycle, while closing and carry forward activities mark the end of a budget cycle (Hyde, 2001). The steps outlined below are steps of a sample government’s budget cycle: Budget submissions: this entails the submission of the budget plans to the respective Budget Offers in various government departments. The budgets are reviewed and approved. Budget approval: this entails the executive committee approving the budget. The Initial Budget Authorizations are then submitted to the respective supervisors who address the respective cost items. Global Changes: the salaries are adjusted so that they reflect salary increases that are permitted by the Salary Subcommittee and the Human Resources Department. Closing: this entails the closure of the budgets at the end of the fiscal year. Carry forwards: it entails carrying forward all the unspent money to the following fiscal year. This marks the last step in the budget cycle. In most instances, law enforcement management prepares master budget for the coming year. The master budget includes the projected expenses and maintenance which is incorporated in the master budget and other smaller budgets such as training, overtime, marketing, administrative, and departmental budgets. By establishing an operating and financial budget for a future period, management can identify problems in advance. This can be maintained by forecasting for future predictions. A forecast is a reflection of the future. When forecasting is taken into account, two key aspects to consider are cash budgets and expenditure forecast. In most instances, budgets are and should be prepared for a future period such as an oncoming accounting or financial year. They are detailed by quarters or months. Typically, annual budgets are not altered once the year begins. However, budgets should not be rigid so as to prevent timely actions if need arises. Instead, budgets should only act as a guide rather than a restriction. However, there are rare circumstances when an annual budget should be revised such as due to a radical change in the business environment. Budgets are also important for obtaining funding since they portray an organization’s capacity to the lending institutions and financiers. Additionally, budgets are important management tools, they aid in setting milestones that need accountability to achieve, and aid an organization in identifying risks and establishing benchmarks. Thus, budgets facilitate the process of making adjustments to avoid risks, and to measure the benchmarks. Understanding the significance of budgeting marks the first step towards successful financial planning. It plays a significant role in the strategic planning process by an organization. It outlines the future financial goals and needs of an organization such as technological needs, overhead needs, financial requirements, and capital improvements. I have a very strong opinion that budgeting should not be scrapped, rather be modified to meet the current business environment. Organizations would have to restructure compensation programs so that managers no longer have an incentive to favors short-term goals over the longer-term. Budgeting will have to be flexible to be able to be adjusted from time to time to reflect changes in organizational goals and the economic environment. Again, accounting department should be responsible for compiling only budget information; they should not determine the budgeting process. Management, through the planning process should determine the budget, and all departments should be included in the process. Budgeting should be both top down and bottom up; i. e. upper level management and middle level management will both work to finalize a budget. We can streamline the budgeting process by developing a financial model. Financial models can facilitate what if analysis so we can assess decisions before they are made. This can dramatically improve the budgeting process. One of the biggest challenges within financial planning and budgeting is how do we make it value-added. Budgeting requires clear channels of communication, support from upper-level management, participation from various personnel, and predictive characteristics. Budgeting should not strive for accuracy, but should strive to support the decision making process. If we focus too much on accuracy, we will end-up with a budgeting process that incurs time and costs in excess of the benefits derived. The challenge is to make financial planning a value-added activity that helps the organization achieve its strategic goals and objectives. In order for department to compensate for dwindling budget, many law enforcement officer have had to learn how to focus on what can they can sacrifice from their normal lifestyle in order to offset the reduction in available spending. Some of these sacrifices have included families foregoing summer vacations, or shopping in discount stores instead of department stores they are accustomed too. However, today law enforcement agencies are faced with the difficult task of maintaining the same service that their communities expect despite the extreme reduction in available resources. And, in order for them to deliver the same high level of protection and emergency responsiveness that the communities depend on, law enforcement agencies must find new and inventive techniques to address those needs in cost-effective and maintainable way. Agencies must have a good understanding of how budgeting marks the first step towards successful financial planning. Budgeting has a significant role in the strategic planning process by any organization. It provides the framework for future financial goals and the needs of an organization such as technical equipment like laptops, radios, and side arms. It also shows the overhead needs, and departmental financial requirements. It can also outline the costs involved in order to get the resources that are required to meet their financial goals. Developing a budget is an important tool for determining the department’s performance, in motivating the upper-management, other members of staff, and measuring the results towards accomplishing the organization’s financial goal. References Gary, L (2003) Breaking the Budget Impasse. Pg 3, Retrieved September 30, 2013, Idio, U. S. (2012). THE BUDGET AS A MANAGEMENT TOOL: ZERO BASE BUDGETING, PANACEA TO BUDGET IMPLEMENTATION IN NIGERIA. Global Journal of Social Sciences, 11(1), 1-7. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/1036581432? accountid=32521 http://www. cops. usdoj. gov/files/RIC/Publications/e101113406_Economic%20Impact. pdf Melekian, B. , (2011a). Director’s Message. Community Policing Dispatch vol. 4, no. 3. http://cops. usdoj. gov/html/dispatch/03-2011/DirectorMessage. asp. Melekian, B. , (2011b). Director’s Column: July 2011. Community Policing Dispatch vol. 4, no. 7. http://cops. usdoj. gov/html/dispatch/07-2011/DirectorMessage. asp. Wiseman, J. , (2011). Strategic Cutback Management: Law Enforcement Leadership for Lean Times. Research for Practice, Washington, D. C. : U. S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice, NCJ 232077.

A Tale of Two Hearts in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre :: Jane Eyre Essays

A TALE OF TWO HEARTS While an artist uses a variety of colors and brushes to create a portrait, Charlotte Bronte used contrasting characters and their vivid personalities to create a masterpiece of her own.   In her novel Jane Eyre, Bronte uses narration and her characters to portray the struggle between a society’s Victorian realism and the people’s repressed urges of Romanticism.   In order to discern between the Victorian and Romantic themes, Bronte selects certain characters to portray the perfect stereotype of each theme.   Mademoiselle Celine Varens is the model of the Romantic attitude.   Varens a â€Å"French opera-dancer† found herself as the â€Å"grande passion† of Mr. Rochester.   The amour between Rochester and Varens started in a â€Å"complete establishment of servants, a carriage, cashmere, diamonds, dentells, etc.† and ended with Rochester â€Å"finding her out† with another man.   Varens’ irrationality did not only affect Rochester, but also her child: â€Å"she abandoned her child and ran away with a musician or singer.†Ã‚   Celine Varens, a woman in a daring profession, led a life of passion, freedom and irresponsibility.   Her life was ballad of adventure idolized by Romantics but frowned upon by society.   Mrs. Reed is the perfect representative of Victorian realism.   She had all t he visual attributes found in a Victorian styled lady.   She possessed gentry as the mistress of Gateshead Hall and her material wealth was made obvious by the luxuries found in her home –â€Å"a bed supported on massive pillows of mahogany, hung with curtains of damask†Ã¢â‚¬â€and in her children â€Å"in their Muslim frocks and scarlet sashes.†Ã‚   Besides wealth and gentility, Mrs. Reed also maintained Victorian characteristics of insularity and censoriousness.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Eliza, John and Georgiana were now clustered round their mama in the drawing room: she lay reclined on the sofa by the fireplace and her darlings about her†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Mrs. Reed literally maintains insularity – snobbishly creating an island of her and her children, detaching themselves from Jane.   Lastly Mrs. Reed exercised censoriousness towards Jane on a continual basis until Jane was left with â€Å"a habitual mood of humiliation, self doubt, forlorn depression.†Ã‚   Jane’s state is the result of the Victorian need of moral severity, which was expressed by blame and disapproval.   Bronte uses Varens and Reed to paint the contrast between the Romantics controlled by emotion, freedom and imagination and the Victorians who exhibit middle-class stuffiness and pompous conservatism. But any author can capture the essence of two societies and illustrate the opposites in two opposing characters.

What is a Self-injurious Behavior

The incident which I have chosen for my Nursing Project happened on the last day of my learning difficulties placement. It involved a young Autistic man, who I will refer to as ‘John† throughout my assignment. This is to protect the client†s identity, this is in accordance with the UKCC Code of professional conduct (1992) clause 10: â€Å"Protect all confidential information concerning patients and clients obtained in the course of professional practice and make disclosures only with consent, where required by the order of a court or where you can justify disclosure in the wider public interest.† One incident which I believe highlights the problem I will address, involved myself bathing ‘John†. This was not the first time that I had bathed a person during the placement, however, the difference this time was that while I was washing ‘John†, he would display elf-injurious behaviour by slapping his face and then repeating the phrase ‘stop slapping face†. I chose this incident from my clinical diary as I feel that the self-injurious behaviour that ‘John† exhibited is an interesting and difficult Nursing problem and one, which affected my ability to care for him. Rather than focussing on the self-injury specifically related to ‘John†s† case, I will examine the possible ways to manage self-injurious behaviour, especially in persons with learning disabilities. To manage this problem effectively, a multi-disciplinary approach is required, but for the purposes of this essay I will look at the problem from a Nurse†s perspective. I will begin by giving a brief description of self-injurious behaviour and the possible causes. I will then highlight the different techniques available to Nurses for the management of this behaviour. Murphy and Wilson(1985) define this as: â€Å"Any behaviour initiated by the individual, which directly results in physical harm to that individual.† As is apparent in the literature, self-injurious behaviour is referred to as any behaviour that can cause tissue damage, such as bruises, redness, and open wounds. The most common forms of these behaviours include head banging, hand biting, head-slapping, and excessive scratching. There are two main sets of theories on the subject and these concentrate on physiological or social causes. The main physiological theories are: Self-injurious behaviour releases beta-endorphins in the person†s brain. Beta-endorphins are opiate like substances in the brain, which provide the person with some pleasure when released. Sudden episodes of self-injury may be caused by sub-clinical seizures. Sub-clinical seizures are not typically associated with the behaviours of normal seizures by they are characterised by abnormal EEG patterns. May be caused by over arousal such as frustration. Self-injury acts as a release, and thus lowers arousal. Self-injury may be a form of self-stimulatory, stereotypic behaviour. Some people exhibit self-injury to escape or avoid a task. Self-injurious behaviour may be used as an attention-seeking device. An incident that involved ‘John† which illustrated the difficulty in managing self-injurious behaviour, was when an object he was obsessed with, was removed. This was using a punishment strategy which I will discuss later. This was thought to be the best course of action, but it lead to ‘John† being restrained for nearly an hour, followed by him being sedated with an intra-muscular injection of chlorpromazine. What can learned from this is that it demonstrates the need for careful assessment of the individual. As highlighted by Murphy and Wilson(1985): â€Å"The treatment selected will depend on how the self-injurious behaviour originally developed and what factors maintain it.† There are a wide variety of different strategies or factors involved in treating or managing self-injurious behaviour. These include restraint, pharmacotheraphy, behavioural therapy, inter-personal strategies, normalisation and environmental factors. I will now examine in turn each of these strategies or factors. This is the most effective way of dealing with self-injurious behaviour in an emergency but there are a number of problems that can arise. Firstly, restraint raises some ethical questions, such as does someone have the right to injure themselves? This dilemna and others related to this topic are difficult to answer, but in general we make the assumption that the client is not capable of choosing for themselves. Secondly, the use of restraint present devaluing images of the client. Thirdly, they involve the violation of personal space which is usual for everyday social interaction. This can lead to a detrimental effect on the nurse/client relationship. Furthermore, there is the risk of injury to staff and to the client. Also there is the possibility of staff being accused of abuse, this is highlighted by Jones and Eayrs(1993): â€Å"Care staff may well face allegations of client abuse associated with the use of restraint.† There are some drawbacks in the use of restraint but it is an essential tool available to the Nurse in the management of Self-injurious or challenging behaviour. A number of drug treatments were used at Woodlands namely Chlorpromazine and Hapliperidol. These were reasonably effective but with these drugs there are serious side effects. As stated by Bernstein et al(1994): â€Å"Serious side effects include symptoms similar to those of Parkinson†s disease, such as muscle rigidity, restlessness, tremor and slowed movement.† These side effects can be treated with anti-Parkinson drugs. When trying to manage inappropriate behaviour using psychoactive drugs they should only be used as an integral part of the client†s programme. For example to combine Pharamacotherapy with other strategies such as behavioural treatments. In general behavioural approaches to treatment seem to be the most effective and long lasting ways of managing violent and aggressive behaviour. A reason for this is suggested by Murphy Wilson( ): â€Å"The fact that the ‘learned behaviour hypothesis† is one of the most convincing hypotheses for explaining the development of self-injurious behaviour.† This term covers a variety of different approaches but some of the main methods are positive reinforcement, modelling, extinction, aversive conditioning and punishment. This means, in the context of my essay, reinforcing or strengthening any behaviour that is not self-injurious. An example of this is raised by Bernstein et al (1994): † Autistic children, who, use very little language, were rewarded with grapes, popcorn, or other items for saying ‘please†, ‘thank you† and ‘your welcome† while exchanging crayons and blocks with a therapist.† This is defined by Bernstein et al(1994) as: â€Å"The gradual disappearance of a conditioned response or operand behaviour due to elimination either of the association between conditioned and unconditioned stimuli or of rewards for certain behaviours.† In the case of treating self-injurious behaviour it can be effective, but it is not always possible to use this method, because, firstly the client may seriously injure himself before the behaviour disappears. Secondly, if the reason for the behaviour is self-stimulation, it may not be possible to remove the source of reinforcement. This is basically a method of therapy in which desirable behaviours are demonstrated as a way of teaching them to clients. This method employs classical conditioning principles to link physical or psychological discomfort with undesirable behaviours. An example of this by Bernstein et al(1994) is: â€Å"Alcoholics might be allowed to drink after taking a nausea-producing drug, so that the taste and smell of alcohol are associated with nausea rather than the usual pleasurable feelings.† This was used extensively at woodlands. The main way in which clients were relaxed was through the use of a ‘sensory room.† This was basically a room that contained various lights, music and tactile objects designed to relax the client. The ‘sensory room† was extremely effective at woodlands and was an invaluable apparatus in the management of violent or aggressive behaviour. This kind of strategy involves penalising any behaviour considered to be inappropriate. These were used at Woodlands, sometimes they were effective, but in one case regarding ‘John† it seemed to make matters worse, leading to him to require to be sedated. In general punishment strategies should be used in conjunction with reinforcement of desirable and non-injurious behaviours. This is an important strategy in the treatment of challenging behaviour. It is the way in which a Nurse communicates verbally or non-verbally with the client. It is recognised that inappropriate behaviour from carers can instigate or maintain aggressive behaviours. The important factors as indicated by my research are eye contact, posture, touch and how the nurse actually speaks to the client. From my research I have found that there is a great deal of contradictory advice when dealing with an aggressive client. For example there is some evidence that remaining calm is the best thing to do but Breakwell(1989) cited by Jones and Eayrs(1993) suggests that: â€Å"The assailant who shouts is shouted at: calm intensity is greeted with equal intensity.† What is obvious is that when dealing with a client, interpersonal strategies are extremely important, but there is no right or wrong way. This is defined by Bank-Mikkelson (1980) cited by Murphy and Wilson(1985) as the need to: † Create an existence for the mentally retarded as close to normal living conditions as possible† This means to make conditions of education, housing, work and leisure to as near normal as possible and to bring greater equality of rights, obligations and responsibilities under law. Although it is not necessarily related with the treatment of someone who presents challenging behaviour, it is an important factor in considering the overall care of the client. This is providing an environment safe from potential factors, which may cause challenging behaviours. Some of these negative environmental factors may be things like loud noise, absence of attention, aggression from other residents, isolation or not enough space.